Eric
Thanks for helping to move this discussion forward
Sorry for the vagueness of the message. My intent is to engage drug development scientists who have expertise working with these in silico and in vitro models and the recent in vitro readouts that have helped with TCEs and immune modulatory biologics that could not be tested in animal species and relied on in vitro readouts.
Regarding the tools, I would like to highlight the in silico and in vitro tools currently being used preclinically to understand not only immunogenicity risk but also immune toxicity for which animals were being used conventionally This would include the human derived cell based and cell line based assays to understand target engagements, safety outcomes that are dose dependent based on varying levels of receptors or targets on in vitro models and their translation into dosing strategies based on immunotoxicity.
Overall, a discussion on where it makes sense to use the NAM approach vs where the animal derived data may still be needed could be a good discussion to have in a group with discovery, DMPK and investigative toxicology scientists. As a community , the preclinical immunogenicity risk assessments have relied on similar assays and readouts so a discussion on which of these assays can be applied to understand the safety signals in absence of animal data would be good to brainstorm on.
Hope you would be open to joining the kickoff to bring forth your view point
As the immunogenicity risk assessment field has spent a lot of time discussing these in silico and human in vitro assays and their qualification, these assays could be used to support immuno-toxicity due to target engagement. Some of the typical end points in animal testing to test for immune suppression or exacerbation include evaluation of cellular immunity (proliferation, ELISpot, flow-based assessments), humoral immunity (antibody titers), inflammation (cytokine secretions and related panels) and histopathology of LNs, and related lymphoid organs.
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Vibha Jawa
Chief Scientific Officer
Epivax
Disclaimer: Opinions expressed are solely my own and do not express the views or opinions of my employer.
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Original Message:
Sent: 08-01-2025 11:01
From: Eric Wakshull
Subject: Immunogenicity Risk Assessment Tools and their utility in the light of New Approach Methodologies or NAMs
Vibha,
Your comments are way too vague for me to understand what your discussions will be about in terms of "tools" and selecting the best candidate and how that translate to less animal usage. Do you mean the in silico and in vitro immunogenicity assessment tools that are properly used during candidate selection or modification but not once a candidate is chosen for IND-enabling studies (essentially toxicity) and clinical development, which already don't use animals? The (human) risk assessment tools also don't used animals as far as I'm aware. Given the very limited utility and non-translatability of non-clinical immunogenicity I could see reducing or eliminating that, but I don't see that saving any animals from tox studies (maybe mice where a cohort just for immunogenicity assessment (and sometimes TK) might be employed; but even that can be reduced just by microsampling so tox cohorts can be used for that).
Anyway, a little more granularity on what you're thinking about might be helpful for me and probably some others to see where you think this might head.
Original Message:
Sent: 7/31/2025 12:01:00 AM
From: Vibha Jawa
Subject: Immunogenicity Risk Assessment Tools and their utility in the light of New Approach Methodologies or NAMs
Recent guidance from FDA asks for reduced, refined or potential replacement of animal testing requirement using a range of approaches, including AI -based computational models of toxicity and cell lines and organoid toxicity testing in a laboratory setting (also referred to as New Approach Methodologies or NAMs data;
).
The inclusion and implementation of such data is encouraged for investigational new drug (IND) applications. The risk assessment tools for immunogenicity have been employed during preclinical development for reduction of liabilities due to intrinsic and extrinsic risks and bringing the least risky candidate forward for clinical trials. These qualified tools can act as surrogate for understanding potential immunotoxicity and immunogenicity in humans as the animal studies are reduced.
I would like to invite members who would be interested in joining me in discussing this topic as part of the TPI and IRAM community .
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Vibha Jawa
Chief Scientific Officer
Epivax
Disclaimer: Opinions expressed are solely my own and do not express the views or opinions of my employer.
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